The global stock market has finally closed the book on what has been the most challenging month of the year. Both the S&P 500 and the tech-heavy Nasdaq fell by nearly 5% in September, while the Dow Jones declined by 3.2% for the month. The big question on everyone's mind is whether this downtrend can be reversed in the months ahead. What are the key factors to watch for into the final quarter of the year?

S&P500 October key watch

Wall Street kicked off the first trading day of October and the last quarter of the year on a cautiously positive note. The S&P 500 finished marginally higher, and the Nasdaq gained nearly 0.7%. The day was marked by a better-than-expected ISM Manufacturing PMI, signaling the beginning of the fourth quarter with hints of a potential easing in the contraction of the US manufacturing sector and associated price pressures.

Notably, the prevailing sentiment stemming from the Federal Reserve's September meeting, which suggested that interest rates would remain elevated for an extended period, continues to serve as the backdrop for the equity market's risk landscape. Consequently, even though there is no Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting in October, discussions surrounding the price pressure are expected to remain a focal point for the month ahead.

Furthermore, from the second week of October, the Q3 US earnings season will provide more insights into corporate revenues and profits. Currently, it appears that the third-quarter earnings season may witness another decline in earnings, further squeezing corporate margins. According to Factset, by the end of September, 64% of companies providing earnings per share (EPS) guidance are projecting negative EPS. This percentage is above the 5-year average of 59%.

However, it's worth noting that in the past two earnings seasons, despite the overall results being less impressive, a significant number of companies still exceeded expectations and outperformed the consensus forecasts. For instance, during the April to June quarter, 79% of reporting companies surpassed their forecasts, above the five-year average of 75%.

S&P500 in Q4

In fact, despite the sharp decline from August to September, the S&P 500 remains 10% above its opening position in 2023. Historically, the chances of the fourth quarter preserving yearly gains after a mid-year correction are not uncommon. According to the chart below, in the past 12 instances when the S&P 500 followed a similar pattern to that of 2023, the fourth quarter enjoyed a minimum 2.14% and an average 8.39% quarterly return.

S&P500 technical analysis

The daily chart of the US 500 has depicted a clear downward trajectory from the year's peak above 4500.

Last week's retreat has brought the S&P 500 to a vital support area, which includes the 200-day moving average, the year-long trend line from October 2022, and the peak from August 2022, situated between 4258-4287.

Based on the price action in the past five sessions, it appears that the significance of this level has notably eased the selling pressure and successfully pushed the RSI out of oversold territory for the time being. On the other hand, a significant resistance zone lies between the August low and the 20-day SMA at 4340 to 4376.